{"id":540578,"date":"2024-10-14T09:33:01","date_gmt":"2024-10-14T01:33:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/acoilfree-brochures.vintageproductions.eu\/brochure\/%tax%\/application-de-ciment\/"},"modified":"2025-05-13T15:48:33","modified_gmt":"2025-05-13T07:48:33","slug":"application-de-ciment","status":"publish","type":"brochure_page","link":"https:\/\/acoilfree-brochures.vintageproductions.eu\/fr\/brochure\/application-de-production-de-ciment\/application-de-ciment\/","title":{"rendered":"Application de ciment"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Quarry\u200b<\/h5>\n
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The production of cement starts with the extraction of raw materials from a quarry.\nThe main raw material is\u00a0limestone,<\/strong>\u00a0but it can also be clay, marl stone or chalk. The rocky materials have a\u00a0heterogeneous\u00a0<\/strong>composition and\u00a0can have dimensions up to\u00a01.8 meters<\/strong>. They are separated from the bedrock by blasting. After separation, they are collected by a crane into a truck so they can be transported to the crusher. At this stage, there is\u00a0no or limited use of compressed air<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n\n

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Crusher\u00a0\u200b<\/h5>\n
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Raw materials are the main materials required to produce cement. They are shipped by a truck from the quarry to a crusher, the first step of mechanical size reduction. This crusher reduces<\/strong> the materials to a size of 80 millimeters<\/strong> or less. At this stage there is no or limited use of compressed air<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n\n

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Pre-homogenization\u200b<\/h5>\n
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The goal is to have a homogeneous and stable cement composition<\/strong> at the end of the production process. In that way, it can be classified as, for example, Portland Cement (ASTM C150). However, the raw materials which are extracted from nature have a heterogeneous composition.\n\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200bTo obtain this homogeneous cement composition several phases of homogenization <\/strong>are required.\nOne of those phases it the pre-homogenization phase, in this phase of the production process, materials enter a large storage hall via the top and are layered in a specific sequence<\/strong>. This will ensure the raw materials are mixed and the mixture is homogeneous<\/strong>. After storing and increasing homogenization in the large storage hall, the materials are extracted at the bottom of the silo to be transported to the raw mill.\nSimilar to step 1 and 2, at this stage there is no or limited use of compressed air.<\/strong>\n\u200b\u200b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n\n

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Raw mill\u200b<\/h5>\n
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The raw materials are transported from the pre-homogenization to the raw mill. Here, the materials are grinded into powder<\/strong> with particle sizes ranging from 20\u00b5m to 100\u00b5m<\/strong>. This can be done in a vertical<\/strong> or horizontal <\/strong>roller mill. The powder is known as raw meal or raw mix.<\/strong> The dust generated from this grinding process needs to be collected. This can be done in dust bag filters<\/strong> which are discontinuously cleaned by\u00a0dust bag filter purge\u00a0<\/strong>(4D). Once the raw materials are crushed into a powder, they are transported to the homogenization silo which can be done by pneumatic conveying <\/strong>(4A).\nAt this stage, some additives can be added into the mill to limit the use of virgin materials. These materials can be sand, rock or sludge.\n\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200bThese raw materials can be stored in vertical silos and transported by pneumatic conveying <\/strong>(5A) to the raw mill. Fluidization <\/strong>(5B) can be used to avoid blockages when extracting the materials from the silos.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n\n

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Raw mill aggregates<\/h5>\n
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The raw materials are transported from the pre-homogenization to the raw mill. Here, the materials are grinded into powder<\/strong> with particle sizes ranging from 20\u00b5m to 100\u00b5m<\/strong>. This can be done in a vertical<\/strong> or horizontal <\/strong>roller mill. The powder is known as raw meal or raw mix.<\/strong> The dust generated from this grinding process needs to be collected. This can be done in dust bag filters<\/strong> which are discontinuously cleaned by\u00a0dust bag filter purge\u00a0<\/strong>(4D). Once the raw materials are crushed into a powder, they are transported to the homogenization silo which can be done by pneumatic conveying <\/strong>(4A).\nAt this stage, some additives can be added into the mill to limit the use of virgin materials. These materials can be sand, rock or sludge.\n\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200bThese raw materials can be stored in vertical silos and transported by pneumatic conveying <\/strong>(5A) to the raw mill. Fluidization <\/strong>(5B) can be used to avoid blockages when extracting the materials from the silos.\n\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n\n

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Homogenization<\/h5>\n
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The raw meal is\u00a0pneumatically conveyed\u00a0<\/strong>(5A) from the raw mill to the\u00a0homogenization silo<\/strong>, where it is further\u00a0homogenized<\/strong>. The raw meal enters the top of a typically vertical silo where it is initially stored in layers. These layers usually have different compositions. By applying a specific valve timing at the bottom of the silo, the layers are broken up. The more homogeneous raw meal is extracted at the bottom of the silo and\u00a0pneumatically conveyed\u00a0<\/strong>(6A) to the pre-heater.\u00a0Fluidization<\/strong>\u00a0(6B) can also be used here to\u00a0avoid blockages<\/strong>\u00a0during unloading of the silos.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n\n

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Pre-heater<\/h5>\n
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By going through the sequence of the pre-heater, kiln and cooler, raw meal is converted into\u00a0clinker<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 small stones of a few centimeters or less.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The raw meal enters the top of the\u00a0pre-heater<\/strong>. Air of the kiln is used to\u00a0heat-up<\/strong>\u00a0the raw meal in cyclones to a temperature of\u00a0850\u00b0C<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n\n

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Kiln<\/h5>\n
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A\u00a0kiln\u00a0<\/strong>can best be described as huge\u00a0inclined\u00a0<\/strong>and\u00a0rotating tube\u00a0<\/strong>where gravity transports the heated raw meal from the entrance to exit of the kiln. During transportation, the material is further heated to a temperature of 1450\u00b0C whereby it is\u00a0sintered into clinker<\/strong>. Heating is done by a 2000\u00b0C flame located at the exit of the kiln. The flame is generated by using\u00a0combustion air\u00a0<\/strong>(8C) and a fuel, which can be\u00a0conveyed\u00a0<\/strong>to the burner (8A).<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n\n

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Cooler<\/h5>\n
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In a final stage,\u00a0cooling air\u00a0<\/strong>(8F) is used to rapidly cool down the clinkers to a temperature of 100\u00b0.\n\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200bAfter they have been cooled down, the clinkers are\u00a0pneumatically conveyed<\/strong>\u00a0(9A)\u00a0<\/strong> from the cooler to the storage hall.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n\n

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Clinker storage\u200b<\/h5>\n
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The clinker storage hall can be seen as a\u00a0buffer stage<\/strong>\u00a0in the continuous production process.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Delivering and extracting materials from the storage hall can be done via a\u00a0pneumatic conveying\u00a0<\/strong>(9A, 10A) installation.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n\n

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Mill<\/h5>\n
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The\u00a0mill grinds\u00a0<\/strong>the\u00a0clinker<\/strong>, with some additives such as gypsum, fly-ash or slag into the end-product:\u00a0cement\u00a0<\/strong>(with particle sizes up to\u00a0100\u00b5m<\/strong>).\nThe additives are typically stored in vertical silos and transported to the mill via a\u00a0pneumatic conveying\u00a0<\/strong>(11A)\u00a0<\/strong>installation. \u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200bTo avoid blockages when unloading the silos,\u00a0fluidization<\/strong>\u00a0can be used (12B).\n\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200bSimilar to the raw mill process, the dust generated during this production step is collected in dust bag filters\u00a0which are cleaned by\u00a0dust bag filter purge\u00a0<\/strong>(11D).\u00a0<\/strong>Transporting the cement from the mill to the storage halls is usually done through\u00a0pneumatic conveying\u00a0<\/strong>(12A).\n\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n\n

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Mill aggregates<\/h5>\n
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The\u00a0mill grinds\u00a0<\/strong>the\u00a0clinker<\/strong>, with some additives such as gypsum, fly-ash or slag into the end-product:\u00a0cement\u00a0<\/strong>(with particle sizes up to\u00a0100\u00b5m<\/strong>).\nThe additives are typically stored in vertical silos and transported to the mill via a\u00a0pneumatic conveying\u00a0<\/strong>(11A)\u00a0<\/strong>installation. \u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200bTo avoid blockages when unloading the silos,\u00a0fluidization<\/strong>\u00a0can be used (12B).\n\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200bSimilar to the raw mill process, the dust generated during this production step is collected in dust bag filters\u00a0which are cleaned by\u00a0dust bag filter purge\u00a0<\/strong>(11D).\u00a0<\/strong>Transporting the cement from the mill to the storage halls is usually done through\u00a0pneumatic conveying\u00a0<\/strong>(12A).<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n\n

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Storage\n\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b<\/h5>\n
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The final product is\u00a0stored\u00a0<\/strong>in typical, large,\u00a0vertical silos<\/strong>. These silos are filled from the top and later the material is loaded into trucks, ships or trains via the bottom of the silo. Here,\u00a0fluidization\u00a0<\/strong>(13B) can also be used to avoid that the material sticks to the bottom of the silo.\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n\n

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Loading<\/h5>\n
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The final product is\u00a0stored\u00a0<\/strong>in typical, large,\u00a0vertical silos<\/strong>. These silos are filled from the top and later the material is loaded into trucks, ships or trains via the bottom of the silo. Here,\u00a0fluidization\u00a0<\/strong>(13B) can also be used to avoid that the material sticks to the bottom of the silo.\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"template":"","brochures":[763],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/acoilfree-brochures.vintageproductions.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/brochure_page\/540578"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/acoilfree-brochures.vintageproductions.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/brochure_page"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/acoilfree-brochures.vintageproductions.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/brochure_page"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/acoilfree-brochures.vintageproductions.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/brochure_page\/540578\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":540580,"href":"https:\/\/acoilfree-brochures.vintageproductions.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/brochure_page\/540578\/revisions\/540580"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/acoilfree-brochures.vintageproductions.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=540578"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"brochures","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acoilfree-brochures.vintageproductions.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/brochures?post=540578"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}